As e-commerce has grown, illegal internet pharmacies have proliferated, endangering patient safety worldwide by selling prescription-free medications straight to customers. Despite this obvious danger, little is understood about the main risks, the main obstacles, and the existing legal, regulatory, and law enforcement solutions. Using PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar, an examination of the English literature from 1999 to 2005 was carried out using the search keywords "online pharmacies," "Internet pharmacies," "cyber pharmacies," "rogue pharmacies," and "e-pharmacies." Areas of consensus: A increasing hazard to public health, illegal internet pharmacies are defined by a variety of intricate and interconnected risk concerns. Controversial issues: Given the changing technology that makes this kind of global criminality possible, the solutions offered are diverse and dubious. Growing points: For legal, regulatory, and technological solutions to be successful, they must take into account the whole ecosystem of illegal internet pharmacies. study areas that are urgently needed include creating technology to fight illegal internet pharmacies, doing more study, and fostering worldwide agreement.