Both countries that export food and those that buy it must undergo institutional, technological, and economic change in order to adapt to climate change and build a resilient food system. Additionally, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the food and agriculture industries will cost money, which may result in exporting nations raising their food prices, which could have an impact on consumers worldwide.

The majority of research on food systems and climate change is producer-focused. Beyond unilateral efforts where each producing country takes care of its own food challenges through self-sufficiency and/or trade, adaption plans in the food and agricultural sectors are required.

Many Asian farmers have been able to adapt to progressive climatic changes during the past 50 years since the Green Revolution. However, due to the rising uncertainty in climate behavior brought on by climate change, the present crop management technologies may not be adequate in the future due to the rise in greenhouse gases.