This review elucidates the anticariogenic properties of various Lactobacillus probiotic strains against the Streptococcus mutans bacterium linked to dental caries, while also highlighting commercially sanctioned oral probiotic products that utilize Lactobacillus strains exclusively for the prevention of dental caries. Probiotics in bacteriotherapy have emerged as a novel approach in the management of dental caries. Probiotics shield the surfaces of teeth from the microbial pathogens that compete with them in the mouth. Lactobacillus species, despite their acidogenic properties, have achieved a significant advancement in the management of dental caries due to their acid buffering ability when administered with dairy products and their role as late colonizers in dental caries. This article presents a comprehensive compilation of the pathogenicity associated with specific Lactobacillus strains of probiotics, particularly in relation to S. mutans. It also includes a catalog of commercial oral probiotic products featuring unique Lactobacillus strains targeting S. mutans and their implications for dentistry. Probiotic compositions and contemporary tactics with prospective implications are highlighted. Additionally, the roles of certain Lactobacillus strains and their corresponding commercial products in combating dental caries have been aggregated to enhance understanding of the evolving strategic approach to dental caries from both laboratory and clinical perspectives. Restorative therapy options for dental caries target both pathogenic bacteria species and commensals of the oral cavity, leading to unwanted adverse effects. This review elucidates the proposed pathogenesis, commercial products, and future perspectives necessary for a transition to probiotics as a natural therapeutic approach. It aims to encourage researchers to develop novel Lactobacillus probiotic formulations with enhanced efficacy in addressing the emerging multispecies dynamics associated with caries over time.