Crop rotation is an important feature of sustainable farming that has a major long-term influence on making soil healthy. It's now so popular for farmers to employ big data technology that it's simpler and more accurate to keep track of and assess how crop rotation impacts soil health. This study employs a big data platform to systematically collect and analyze the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, exploring the mechanisms by which crop rotation improves soil structure, promotes nutrient cycling, regulates microbial communities, and suppresses pathogens. This study evaluates the lasting effects of rotation patterns on soil organic matter accumulation, microbial diversity, and soil resilience via big data modelling and extended monitoring. The study proposes ideal rotation systems and soil management approaches aimed at perpetually enhancing soil health and promoting sustainable agricultural development. This study provides substantial data support and references for agricultural decision-making and soil management.